Why are politicians fearing people?

There could be two major reasons for the politicians to fear people. Both are related to elections. It is on the assumption that people do not make the right choice.  The second reason is that people make the right choice. In either case, several politicians are there to lose power. It is those who are in power who fear the worst.

A good number of politicians who are involved in electoral politics, either as part of a political party or as an independent, engage in small and large electoral fraud. Some do not want the election to be held at all. They cling to power by pretending to be doing good for the people. Politicians who are members of the political organisations use the organisational support and force to dictate terms. They bully, intimidate, harass, browbeat, etc., members of the smaller organisations and independents. They even use amygdala hijacking on some people. In some cases, they narrate the advantages of unity in the absence of elections and the consequences of division among the people if an election takes place.

We have faced some extreme electoral fraud in recent years and, of late, in the college union elections.

Some of them are the following.

1. Illegal interference with the process of an election

2. Persuading the possible opponents to withdraw from contesting elections

3. Libel

4. Ad hominem attack

5. Finding accomplices

6. Working on the letter of the law rather than on the spirit of the law

7. Influencing the electoral officers for unfair actions

The situation is not different in educational institutions. For long, in the college/university union elections, students have also used almost every possible manipulation/fraud. Students fear other students. They fear fair elections and use unfair means to hijack elections. We need to train our students to come out of this. We need to help the students understand the real meaning of democracy.

In football/soccer, the term 'parking the bus' is used when teams operate with a lot of players behind the ball when out of possession. That is, they spend most of the time on their own posts rather than engaging in scoring. This is done when the particular team is leading. In elections, a similar thing is done by not letting others contest or campaign or both. People use several simple technical/clerical issues to disqualify the opponents. People also exhibit many unsportsmanlike actions to let opponents quit contesting.

It is difficult for a loser to accept the verdict of the election. If the loser does not consent to the defeat, the entire democratic process is jeopardised. Loser’s consent is generally obtained if the loser is given the opportunity to be heard on the doubts of the transparency and fairness of the election. Loser’s consent is doubtful if the losing margin is very thin. Recently, Mr. Rahul Gandhi claimed that 1,00,250 “fake votes” were created in one of the constituencies in India in favour of the ruling party. This count was on the basis of a manual search of the voter's list. However, nobody can prove that these fake voters voted in favour of the ruling party. Being a serious allegation, it is not difficult for the Election Commission to provide the digital voter's list, the hour-wise voting frequency in each of the polling booths, the voting machine data of the record of votes polled, CCTV records, etc. to come out clean. Even if, under the current laws, it is not a requirement, for a transparent system and to uphold the noble values of democracy, our rulers must follow in the footsteps of a noble king who abandoned his wife, who was under the captivity of another king. Our rulers have to prioritise the welfare of our country and should uphold dharma (righteousness) over their personal feelings. Caesar's wife must be above suspicion.

In democratic systems, if the elected representatives, irrespective of being the office bearers or not, can be given more financial and administrative decision-making power, then losers’ consent is not very difficult. In India, the Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) and the Member of Legislative Assembly Local Area Development Scheme (MLALADS) are very good examples of such procedures. However, financial allocation to these schemes has to be increased substantially.

Angry losers are a real threat to democracy. Rather than going ahead with the constitutional methods to challenge the elections, weaponising the anger and using the anger rhetoric have to be severely punished. As against the loser’s consent, the winner’s restraint is also an important factor establishing faith in the electoral process and thus in democracy.

For a democracy to be successful, rationality, respect, and restraint are very important.

How to understand the retraction of publications?

Retraction is the act of withdrawing a published document (article, book, book chapter, report, etc.) either by the publisher or by the author. This can happen when someone confesses to academic malpractice knowingly or unknowingly.

The major reasons for retraction are the following.

Retraction by the author

●       Inaccurate result
●       Faulty experiment or methodology
●       Unethical practices by the journal
●       Compromised data/content
●       Compromised peer review

Retraction by the publisher

• ●       Inaccurate result
• ●       Faulty experiment and methodology
• ●       Unethical practices by the author
• ●       Compromised data
• ●       Compromised peer review
• ●       Compromised editing
• ●       Falsification of data
• ●       Image manipulation
• ●       Violation of publication ethics
• ●       Unethical use of AI tools
• ●       Plagiarism

Who is responsible for retraction?

The primary responsibility of retraction lies with the publisher itself. The publisher should take utmost care in publishing accurate and ethically sound documents. A journal/publisher that claims to uphold the peer-review system should not compromise its publication policy.

Who are affected by retraction?

Retraction affects all the stakeholders simultaneously. The community of researchers and academicians, authors and publishers are burdened with the garbage publication.

What are the major reasons for retraction?

Some of the major reasons for retraction are the following.

• ●       Lack of proper training in publication
• ●       Ignorance of publication ethics
• ●       Predatory Publications
• ●       Open Access Publications that provide fast publication
• ●       Paid publications that are busy making a fortune
• ●       Ranking and accreditations focused on certain publications
• ●       Universities providing promotion, increments and rewards based on publication

Should Institutions be penalised for retractions?

In any crime, a penalty is awarded only to the person who is committing the crime. The transitive effect of crime refers to the ripple effect or indirect consequences that crime has on individuals, communities, and society as a whole, beyond the immediate victim and offender. However, as no punishment is given to the family of a criminal, the institutions of the author/editor who is part of a retracted publication should not be punished. Nevertheless, those institutions that are funding or providing incentives to their members for publishing in predatory and spurious journals should be penalised.

In this context, the recent announcement of awarding negative weightage to the institutions for the retracted papers is unethical and is stemming out of pure ignorance. Further, how can institutions be awarded negative weightage for citations from retracted papers? This is absurd.

Instead, the Ministry of Education, Government of India, should take necessary steps to blacklist academic publishers who are publishing content without proper peer review. Further, an author who is publishing compromised content should be awarded proper academic penalties. The role of the Institutional Academic Integrity Panel is very important in this regard.

How to deal with retraction?

In a general sense, retraction is positive. Removing erroneous content from the public space is always welcome. If the author takes initiative in retraction, she/he should be appreciated for it. If the publisher retracts the publication on its own, institutions should conduct proper enquiries of those authors involved in those publications and take appropriate actions. In any case, the benefits that were given to the author should be withdrawn with retrospective effect, including the award of a degree.

Discipline, Financial Penalty and Success

Every educational institution is primarily a training house. Good institutions transfer good values to the students/trainees that are good for the future of the student/trainee. No discipline seems pleasant at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it (Hebrews 12:11).

Disciplinary action is an essential tool for managing unwanted behavior in the workplace. In ancient Indian political and strategic philosophy, the four actions of Saam (dialogue), Daam (persuasion), Dand (coercion) and Bhed (alienation) were very significant. These are processes through which training can be implemented. They were also used in bilateral relations among nations, employer-employee interactions and training houses.

Although there are many processes involved in instilling discipline among the students/trainees in comparison to mature employees, monetary penalties, like fines, are always justified to be most effective. Compared to any other steps, it discourages people from repeating the offence by making it financially undesirable. A significant fine can temporarily limit an offender's ability to continue her/his carelessness due to financial strain.

As a means to deter future misconduct by imposing a financial cost on the offender and thereby acting as a punishment proportional to the offence, financial penalties have brought stability and quality to many nations and organizations. However, its effectiveness can be debated based on factors like the offender's ability to pay and the severity of the violation.

Some of the following points are worth considering in relation to financial penalties.

1. A student/trainer/employee should be aware of the pros and cons of offence

2. An educational institution/government/firm/trainer should make the policies transparent at least through an internal note

3. Decisions on financial penalties should be objective. 

4. A student/trainer/employee should not take anything for granted. For, St. Paul writes, ‘but I discipline my body and keep it under control, lest after preaching to others I myself should be disqualified’ (1 Corinthians 9:27).

In a transparent system where the penalties are not arbitrary, one must note that the penalties are not income-generating mechanisms for the institutions. If people comply with the rules and regulations, there will not be a fine.

I like the way credit card companies use penalty policies. They have a combination of late payment fees, higher interest rates, and over-limit fees. Additional charges are levied when cardholders don't pay their due on time as late payment charges. Late payment charges can damage one’s credit score and lead to interest accrual. Many credit card companies levy a penalty interest rate if a payment is due for over 60 days. The penalty rate may be as high as 50% of the outstanding bill amount. A penalty is charged by credit card companies when cardholders' purchases exceed their credit limit. All these are imposed after one enjoys the privilege of purchasing without cash in hand. Does a credit card company accept any apologies for the late payment or for crossing the credit limit? If students are going to face the world, they should be aware of the things in the world. Whoever loves discipline loves knowledge, but he who hates reproof is stupid (Proverbs 12:1).

If a student’s/trainee's performance remains unsatisfactory, she/he should receive penalties of various levels depending on the expected outcome of the training. However, the student/trainee can always leave the training if she/he is unsatisfied with the system. It is said, “if you throw peanuts, you will get only monkeys”. If your discipline is diluted, you will not get the expected outcome.” Mr Narendra Modi, is the prime minister of India for three consecutive terms. It is heard that he works for nearly 19 hours a day. Ms Mamata Banerjee, the West Bengal chief minister for the third time, is also working around 20 hours a day. Many successful sportspersons, including some Olympians, engaged in financial penalty-based training. A well-disciplined hard work, with a clear view of what is at a loss if they do not work hard, is the simple justification for their success. It is said in the Bible, ‘whoever spares the rod hates his son, but he who loves him is diligent to discipline him’ (Proverbs 13:24).

Jesus said, ‘Give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, and God what belongs to God (Mark 12:17). If you want to be smart in the world, do smart things of the world and get trained in the hardest way.

Develop a skeleton for each day

One has to develop one's own habit of writing. One important  characteristic of habit is that one may not realize what one does in a habitual action. This has positive and negative impacts. 

In skill oriented works, this provides speed and perfection. Even at home we do experience some of these habitual actions that make us happy.  In my  mind the most noticeable habitual action at home is my mother's cooking. She cooks like a magician. All our mothers do this. Mothers are miracles. They are miracle workers. 

Nevertheless, habitual actions may not always be good. Prayer is the best case. We do not even sometimes know what we do during the prayer time. Another less impactful action is our relationships and gestures at home. We take things for granted and lead life without enjoying the thrill of it.  Do we appreciate what our family members do? Do we express it publicly?

Writing can be meaningful even when it becomes a habitual action. It might be boring too after some time. One way to improve writing as a meaningful habitual action is  to have a skeleton for everyday writing. For example, at least invisibly you can have the following points whenever you write.

• Introduction
• Inauguration
• Examples
• Major stress
• Narrative style
• Story
• Pictures
• Quotes
• Comparisons
• Conclusion

Once you have these kinds of points to focus, take a permutation of them on each day. Let your writing be a flow. Let it be a dance of words on your paper.

Computer and Internet can wait

 As a toddler, I started writing with my fingers on a spread of rice.

Now, when I look behind, the tool and the platform I left on the road less travelled by were  many. They kept changing as I grew up even without my knowledge. Each of these tools and the platform brings in nostalgic memories. Much more are the various thinking processes I had gone through while handling them. Each of them takes me through my formative years from being a toddler to a teacher. Let me list down the writing tools and platforms I used over the last four decades.

1. Finger and Rice
2. Pencil and Slate
3. Graphite Pencil and Paper
4. Graphite Pencil and Paper/Notebook
5. Fountain Pen and Notebook
6. Ballpoint Pen and Notebook
7. Typewriter and Paper
8. Keyboard and Computer
9. Mobile
10. Voice
11. Stylus and tablet

I still use the graphite pencil and sheets of paper to draw and sometimes to write. It gives us the flexibility to correct our errors without any hurt. Many authors used to tell me that they use graphite pencils for writing. It is quite a challenging task to leave computers and the Internet. On some days you can experiment with the pencil and paper. Do not forget to keep an eraser next to you.

Tips for writing regularly

It is wonderful to write. It is even wonderful to write on a regular manner. Here are some tips to make writing as a habit.

#Tip 1

Computer and Internet can wait: Write in a paper using a pencil without looking at a computer or using the internet.

#Tip 2

Develop a skeleton for each day.

#Tip 3

Focus on some keywords.

#Tip 4

One day at a time.

#Tip 5

Include a minimum of three new words.

#Tip 6

Aim a sentence of 11 words at a time.

#Tip 7

An explanation is not a luxury.

#Tip 8

Infuse positivity in writing by intentionally inserting pleasant words.

#Tip 9

Email what you have written, to some of your best friends.

#Tip 10

Believe in yourself. You are an excellent writer.

The Rereading

I feel like reading it again and again.
Then, I did it again and again.
I feel I can't reciprocate line by line.
Then I did try in vain again.

Out of me, I doubted, you were born.
Out of mind, I know, when I blow horn.
For me too, I guess, you were born
For all you do, I think, I blow my horn.

I have felt from the day one the bond.
I felt I had this supernatural connection.
I've knelt never to someone else's perception.
I feel proud to see you are on your own.

You could write, things, of your own,
On your life and on your imagination.
On your books and MacBook, and religion.
On your grandma and on your passion.

I am here to read, from dusk to dawn.
I am there to comment line by line,
And sometimes to commend a line,
Or two, but be confident of this bond.

I can't label you in this special connection,
For any label is limiting a bond.
As for me, unbounded is every bond
Spanning the boundaries of every imagination.

Religion of legions

A human being who perpetuates hatred is worse than the stinging nettles.
A religion that is not tolerant is worse than a terrorist organization.
A God who is nothing but love is the evil, if it exists.

I struggle with those who have religion for their hands and heads, than for their hearts and hence,
It is better to be alone than in a bad company.
I may die starving rather than sharing the cup of blood of my brethren.

Knowing that someone else loves what one loves

A night has passed

With a bite of shock.

Nothing seriously did I do,

But the act of night, sleep.

I am fresh, but with the tremors

I am at shock even after a night.

Hearing that you are a hoopster

Is what made me motionless.

Hearing about you singing,

Dancing, Writing, Painting

Drawing, Acting, Chanting

Would never give me shock.

What a wholesome person

One can be with a taste

For letters, stories, thoughts,

Art and a fine mix of sports!

Nights and days can't stay

So the tremors will recede

And happiness will succeed

Knowing a wholesome person! 

Rain

Rains are rare,
But when it rains,
It reigns for, sure,
One who minds.

Life as a teacher

What a great life it is!

I know not how long I live

No one knows it too.

Indeed, it's a great life

I know not how long it lasts

No one lasts long too.

To read, to write, to speak

I exist, but with no claims,

No one thought I could.

I read, I wrote, I spoke

To some fine souls

No one knows but I.

This time, my time, is

Finer than ever, than

Anyone else imagines.

It is not the longer life,

But a long teaching life,

God, grant me for you.

Being Wanted

What is the greatest happiness one can have in life?

Is it money, food, sex or power?

Money's value diminishes

Food's taste is short-lived

Sex leads to frustration

Power powers to hatred

None of these lasts forever.

One who lays trust in any of these has a universal name: FOOL.

What is the greatest happiness one can have in life?

A moment of being wanted.

Tes, the feeling of being wanted.

A moment of giving.

Yes, the act of giving.

These differentiate the HAPPY from the FOOL.

In the last couple of months, 

I have been happier than ever.

I have the feeling of being wanted.

Being wanted by knowledge-seekers,

Is an amazing feeling.

Oh! I can feel it.

I can't think of a session without some of you*.

You make me better.

Although I cook the same,

Like every time a mother cooks

the most delicious food for her children.

But I am getting the 'unlikely' response,

Of these magnificent ones

And that makes me feel better.

Oh! I can feel it.

O God!

What a happy person I am!

Help me serve better.

Help me feel more wanted,

Even at the cost of every loss in this world.

Supply me with knowledge seekers

To whom I can offer my life.

Enkindle me, a candle,

To be melted to the last dust of the wax

For these great ones given to me.

*My most vibrant and ever-responsive PhD scholars....

An ode to a wonderful student

Can I believe my eyes?

How do I trust my senses?

With sheer unbelief, I started twitching my eyelids.

With utter mistrust, I started testing my senses.

Never had I seen someone so scholarly attending my sessions.

Seldom I  sense someone reshaping the uttered words into structured treatises at ease.

No one has any idea how happy I am.

Did someone tell you anytime that you have the gift of words?

No wonder, if it is so.

But, did someone tell you that you have the extraordinary gift of abstraction?

You are focused.  You have an enviable power of clasping.

May God bless you to be a mother of infinitude of written words.

Quo vadis?

What a great run during these months! 

A run in a circuit shortened by the former and the latter normals.

Restless I may, but overfull is the desktop in all sense.

Life is changed inevitably, but that is life.

Society is changed reluctantly, but that is society.

Being part of a changed society with a changed life is what I experience now.

Some pass the day fearing the unknown and the unseen to pass them.

Some fear the pass of the unknown and the unseen days.

Some pass the fear of the unknown and the unseen.

But some, like me, fear the unknown and the unseen may pass them.

My run in this short circuit makes me pass the comment

That the known and the seen are always the delightful ones.

FISH on the shore

Fear.
Ignorance.
Suspicion.
Helplessness.

I was safe in the water.
I could go to the deep waters.
Sometimes, I could go to the shore.
I was in the sea of confidence.

Suddenly, the water is receded.
It continued to recede.
So also is my confidence.
Masked, sanitized, alienated fish is out of water.

Deep sea fish is no more in the deep.
It is in the shallow water.
Fear. Ignorance. Suspicion. Helplessness.
Alienated to insanity.
Sanitized to be masked.
Masked to be alienated.

Divided we stand. United we fall.
The new philosophy of the time.
But not a new one.
Many human covids tried to divide the people
Before the covids appeared.

Empathy
Knowledge.
Acceptance.
Support.

Rise up humanity.

She had gone to the Lord

She cried, when I was born.
I cried, when she had gone.

She bled, when I was born.
She bled, when I was torn.
She was torn, when I was bled
She was done, when I had gone.

She cried, when I cried.
She smiled when I smiled.
She cried, when I walked,
With joy, she talked.
She cried, when I talked,
With joy, she walked.

The stories she told,
Are the berries I hold.
The memories I hold,
Are the stories she told.

She kissed my cold skin
Soaked in blood when I was born.
I kissed her cold in the coffin
Packed in when blood is gone.

I cried, when she had gone,
With the dead, to the mud.
I cried, when she had gone,
With joy, to the Lord.

Write anyway...

To write always
Is right always.
The pain to write
Is the gain to read.
With pain, may ye write
the rites of our rights.
May ye gain then, time
that is your me-time.

Life of the dead

Taj Mahal was built for a dear dead
That made the world happy over a dead.
Plays, poems and prose were penned
Prompting the living to pen better lives.

The dead have died as no longer could
They lead life as dead before they died.
The dead have died after they lived
To lead the living to a life that is good
            For the dead could not live
            Forever, but the living could, until dead.

A beautiful arrangement....

During the lunch yesterday, Prof. Julio mentioned me about a pattern of positives and negatives in social groups. I was then reminded of a puzzle asked by Manjul Bhargava that whether it is possible to arrange binary numbers such that every 3-letter block is different.
It is a beautiful arrangement of symbols as we see below.

0001011100

If we group every three adjacent letters, we get different numbers.
They are:

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

Interestingly, their decimal equivalents are 0, 1, 2, 5, 3, 7, 6, 4. 

Is this the only pattern?

Do you observe any other beautiful element in this pattern?
Look at the things vertically.
You see first a block of 0's, then 1, then 0, then 1's and then 0's.

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

00  01011100

00  01011100

00  01011100

1100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

0001011100

and

0001011100

0001011100

Julio's social groups are people who are  + and -, replacing 1and 0, respectively.
We represent the structure as:

---+-+++--

Can we extend this to block of four letters?
Answer is yes. Look at the following pattern. It is provided by Lavina D'Souza.

0000100111101011000

Their decimal equivalents are 0,1,2,4,9,3,7,15,14,13,10,5,11,6,12,8.
They are all the elements of Z16.

It's a good turnout.

Is there a pattern for blocks of n letters?

We begin with block of length 2. Strange though, there four different patterns! We use binary tree to construct them.
Algorithm:

1. Begin with any binary number of length 2.
2. Remove the bit on the left
3. Add 0, 1 to form the new binary number that is not already an ancestor.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3
5. Stop when all the four binary numbers are found.

See the diagram given below for more details.

This can be expressed and explained with the help a directed graph (digraph).  A directed graph is a graph with edges having directions. If there are no specific direction for an edge, then it is assumed to be bidirectional.

The diagrams given below are the same. One is with directed edges and the other is with undirected edge. Both of them represent the binary number 10. This gives all possible binary numbers of length 1. Every consecutive block of length one gives distinct binary numbers of length 1. Of course, it is very obvious!

We now move to binary numbers of length two. We have seen this. Neverthless, the following digraph gives all the possible smallest binary numbers whose every consecutive two bits give distinct all the distinct binary numbers of length two.

How do we get all the possible smallest binary numbers whose every consecutive two bits give distinct all the distinct binary numbers of length two? It is quite simple. Start with any vertex. Follow the directions. Visit every vertex in the graph.
As an example, we begin with the the top vertex 10. Following the directions, we choose 00, 01 and then 11.  Removing the common bits, we get 10011.
In fact, what we find is a Hamiltonian Path in the directed graph.
A Hamiltonian Path is a path in a graph with each vertex appearing exactly once.

It will be quite interesting and every effective in the case of binary numbers of length three.
See that diagram below.

We can begin from any vertex. Every Hamiltonian Path gives the smallest binary number whose every consecutive three bits give all a distinct binary number whose decimal equivalent is in the set Z8={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}.

When it comes to binary numbers of length four, every Hamiltonian Path in the following diagram gives the solution.

One such path is given here. Follow through the red edges.

The binary number equivalent of this is

0000100111101011000

This is an interesting sequence. It is not just linear, it is cyclic as well. Any four consecutive bits give a unique number from the set Z16={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,3,14,15}. See the diagram below.

As if a stone...

Like

With their rasp,
hammer and knife,
they cut, chip
and break stones,
to make
lifeless gods,

As if a stone,
they cut, chipped
and broke her lifeless,
witnessed by
the lifeless stones,
in the sanctuary of shame

In immeasurable times?

(In the style of Ayushee Garg.
Never stopped weeping after hearing about Asifa Bano.
So many unheard, speechless Asifas are around us.
Forgive us children, for being rasps, hammers and knives.)